The correct answer is 1 – diabetes mellitus. Adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder, is an inflammation and adherence of the articular capsule, resulting in limited joint play and restricted active and passive movement. It typically develops gradually and progresses through several stages. Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, and cardiovascular disease, have been associated with a higher risk of developing a frozen shoulder. In addition, prolonged immobilization of the shoulder due to injury or surgery is also associated with this condition.
The exact reason for the association of diabetes mellitus with adhesive capsulitis is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute:
Inflammation
Glycation
Collagen Changes
Reduced Blood Flow
Neuropathy
All of the other choices are not associated with an increased risk for developing adhesive capsulitis
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