Maria, a 24-year-old female, presents to the clinic with reports of experiencing sudden and intense episodes of fear, accompanied by physical symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, trembling, and a fear of losing control. The episodes have been occurring for the past six months and are causing significant distress in her daily life. The episodes are unexpected and not tied to specific situations. She also worries about having additional episodes and has made significant lifestyle changes to avoid triggering situations.

Medical History: Maria has no known medical conditions and is not currently taking any medications. There is no family history of psychiatric disorders. She denies any substance abuse or recent stressful life events.

Questions:

1. Based on the presented case, what is the most likely psychiatric diagnosis for Maria?

A. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

B. Social anxiety disorder

C. Panic disorder

D. Specific phobia

2. What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for panic disorder?

A. Benzodiazepines

B. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs

C. Beta-blockers

D. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

3. In addition to pharmacotherapy, what is a recommended psychotherapeutic approach for managing panic disorder?

A. Psychodynamic therapy

B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

C. Humanistic therapy

D. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

Correct Answers:

1. Answer: B. Panic disorder. 

2. Answer: C. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

3. Answer: B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)