Pharmacists manage technology that assists with medication preparation, distribution and dispensing as well as for clinical decision support. There is increasingly available technology for patients to help them manage their disease states, stay healthy, change lifestyles, and/or adhere to their medication. Previously, adherence reminders were accomplished through pharmacy-sponsored automated, telephone reminders. Then came text messaging, tailored text messaging, and apps on smart phone devices.

Ali et al developed a tool to discern the quality of medication adherence apps.¹ The Medication Adherence App Quality assessment tool (MedAd-AppQ) was used by two evaluators who independently assessed apps that fulfilled the following criteria: availability in English, have a medication reminder feature, non-specific to certain disease conditions (i.e., “generic” apps), free of technical malfunctions, and availability on both the iPhone Operating System (iOS) and Android platforms. The MedAd-AppQ has 24 items allowing an app to be scored on up to 43 total points, categorized under three sections: content reliability (11 points), features usefulness (29 points), and features convenience (3 points). The researchers’ testing of the MedAd-AppQ instrument itself demonstrated it to have inter-rater correlation (ie, that different raters would come up with a similar score for an app being evaluated). Based on their analysis, of 52 apps (27 iOS and 25 Android), quality scores ranged between 7/43 (16.3%) to 28/43 (65.1%). There was no significant difference between the quality scores of the Android and iOS versions. None of the apps had features for self-management of side effects. Only two apps in each platform provided disease-related and/or medication information. The researchers concluded that clinicians can use the MedAd-AppQ in helping patients assess and select apps; however, many of the apps tested were lacking features that could help patients. Those apps need to be more user-friendly and house information beyond adherence reminders and rudimentary dosing.

Pharmacists can help patients and engender their loyalty by embracing modern technology and helping them manage their disease state using something (apps) that they probably want to use. Pharmacy managers can consider signage or other advertising that avail customers of such services as assistance with health-related mobile technologies. Pharmacists should be aware that some of these apps might be helpful but are far from the panacea that some might imagine them to be.

Additional information about Managing Medication Use Process Supporting Technologies and Automation  can be found in Pharmacy Management: Essentials for All Practice Settings, 5e.

¹Ali EE, Sin-Tao AK, Lin-Goh SX, et al. MedAd-AppQ: A quality assessment tool for medication adherence apps on iOS and Android platforms. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2018;14:1125-1133.

Authored by:

Shane P. Desselle, RPh, PhD, FAPhA, Professor of Social/behavioral Pharmacy at Touro University California.